7, 8 Among multiple pathways linking air pollution to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the most relevant are the induction of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherothrombosis, and arrhythmogenesis. day-to-day fluctuations) pollutant exposures of residents in large urban areas worldwide, including the United States of America 6 and Europe. 5 Associations with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are also seen with short-term (e.g. 4 In Europe, the first study that supported this association between long-term exposure and mortality was the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Subsequent studies in the 1990s, such as the Harvard Six Cities 2 and American Cancer Society cohort studies, 2, 3 established an enduring positive association between long-term exposure to air pollution and total and cardiovascular mortality, mainly due to coronary artery disease. Historically, the 1952 Great Smog of London led to an increase in cardiovascular death as well as deaths due to respiratory disease. 1Īlthough it is intuitive that air pollution is an important stimulus for the development and exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, there is generally less public awareness of its substantial impact on cardiovascular disease. Finally, air pollution accounts for 3.1% of global disability-adjusted life years, an index that measures the time spent in states of reduced health. 1 Moreover, ambient air pollution ranked ninth among the modifiable disease risk factors, being listed above other commonly recognized factors, such as low physical activity, a high-sodium diet, high cholesterol, and drug use. The Global Burden of Disease study has described the worldwide impact of air pollution with as many as 3.1 million of 52.8 million all-cause and all-age deaths being attributable to ambient air pollution in the year 2010. Please turn off your ad blocker and refresh the page to start using our search functionality.Air pollution has wide-ranging and deleterious effects on human health and is a major issue for the global community. Unfortunately White Pages search does not work when you have an ad blocker installed in Firefox & Chrome. Given that we do not receive an individual’s complete details, you cannot search on the White Pages using their first full name. When a person signs up for a landline or mobile phone number, we are provided with the initial of their first name, their surname and the location they live in. Information for our residential listings are provided to us from various Australian telecommunications companies. Why can’t I search for a person using their first name? We suggest you fill out all search fields to receive the best results. When you enter a common surname, numerous results will be returned particularly if you’re looking for a person in a large area. If you leave this location field blank, the White Pages will search nationally for the individual. If you’re unsure of the exact suburb, you can do a national search or enter a postcode, region or state. We’ll also check the surrounding suburbs to see if the person is listed with us. To search for an individual on the White Pages, input their surname, initial of their first name, and the suburb they live in. Residential Searches How does residential search work on the White Pages?
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |